The Power of Patterns: How Kagome Magnets Could Fuel Quantum Computing
Kagome magnets, named after the traditional Japanese basket-weaving pattern "kagome," have emerged as a focal point in condensed matter physics due to their unique lattice structure and potential applications in quantum computing. The kagome lattice consists of corner-sharing triangles, creating a two-dimensional network that leads to intriguing electronic and magnetic properties.
Historical Development of Kagome Magnets
The term "kagome" was first introduced in the context of physics by Itiro Syôzi in 1951, who explored the Ising model on the kagome lattice to understand its magnetic properties. This foundational work laid the groundwork for subsequent studies into the lattice's unique characteristics.
In the 1980s, theoretical investigations into the kagome lattice intensified, focusing on its potential to host exotic magnetic states, such as spin liquids. These states are characterised by a lack of magnetic order even at absolute zero temperature, suggesting the presence of fractionalised excitations.
Experimentally, the mineral jarosite, featuring Heisenberg spins on stacked kagome lattices, was identified as a model compound in the late 20th century. This discovery provided a tangible system to study the theoretical predictions associated with kagome lattices.
Recent Breakthroughs and Discoveries
In recent years, significant progress has been made in synthesising and understanding kagome magnets. A notable advancement occurred in 2024 when researchers at Rice University, led by Zheng Ren and Ming Yi, investigated iron-tin (FeSn) thin films. Their study revealed that the magnetic properties of FeSn arise from localised electrons, challenging previous assumptions that mobile electrons were responsible. This finding reshapes the scientific understanding of kagome magnets and their electronic interactions.
Ming Yi and Zheng Ren, Rice University
Additionally, a study published in October 2024 by a team from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Anhui University, utilised magnetic force microscopy to observe intrinsic magnetic structures within a kagome lattice. This research unveiled a new type of topologically broken magnetic array structure, providing deeper insights into the material's behavior.
Potential Applications in Quantum Computing
The unique properties of kagome magnets position them as promising candidates for quantum computing applications. Their lattice structure can lead to flat electronic bands and Dirac points, which are conducive to hosting topologically protected states. These states are less susceptible to external disturbances, making them ideal for stable qubits in quantum computers.
Furthermore, the interplay between magnetism and electron correlations in kagome magnets could facilitate the development of high-temperature superconductors. Such materials would operate without the need for extreme cooling, significantly broadening their practical applications.
Conclusion
The study of kagome magnets has evolved from theoretical models to experimental realisations, uncovering complex magnetic behaviors and electronic structures. As research progresses, these materials hold the potential to transform quantum computing and superconductivity, offering new avenues for technological advancement.
